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Kulak L.A.
"Quantum physics urgently needs new images and ideas, which can only arise from a profound revision of the principles that underlie it." Nobel laureate Louis de Broglie.
"Of all the services that can be rendered to science, the introduction of new ideas is the most important." Nobel laureate Joseph John Thomson
"Geometry exists for this very reason, so that knowledge may not be divorced from spatial contemplation." P.A. Florensky
"It is precisely the ethereal matter of space (masked by the obviously inappropriate term "vacuum") that, according to the conviction of truly knowledgeable scientists, should become the basis for bringing all the forces of nature into a single self-consistent picture." [68]
In my author`s monograph "Substance. Atom. Theory of Everything" [35] I proposed a self-consistent concept based on the ontology of the complementarity principle. The concept is proposed as a new platform for generalizations and covers the issues of the structure of the supporting Cosmic Medium, the basic element of nature and the atomic model based on it, the method of formation of atoms and the actualization of structural interrelations that hold system formations together as a whole, as well as the fractally-identical transfer of the general universal structural scheme to scaling levels. The monograph uses the methodology of Fractal Synthesis and lays the foundations of Linguistic Physics.
Speaking about the ontology of the complementarity principle, it should be noted that this principle has been known since ancient times.
For quantum mechanics, it was formulated by Nobel laureate N. Bohr in 1927 and is its most important principle.
Subsequently, the principle of complementarity was generalized in science, which led to the creation of the concept of complementarity, which covers not only physics, but also biology, psychology, cultural studies and, in fact, all areas of knowledge in general.
B. Mandelbrot's fractal geometry, discovered in 1967, has its roots in the ontology of the principle of complementarity.
The ontology of the complementarity principle also underlies the holographic principle, introduced into modern science in 1993 by theoretical physicist G. 't Hooft as a hypothesis about the general property of quantum gravity – a theory that aims to create a quantum description of gravitational interaction and bring theoretical achievements closer to the creation of a general Theory of Everything.
Experience and the accumulation of knowledge show that the comprehensive essence of the complementarity principle implies the existence of its equivalent in everything and is a universal natural duality. And the main conclusion is that it is the original and fundamental principle, mediating a unified formula, a unified equation and a unified geometry. And if in all reasoning we start from its original essence, then we can get significant simplifications both in chains of logical reasoning and in mathematical calculations.
A more detailed restatement of the theoretical view proposed in the monograph is grouped by me into four main articles in accordance with current topics of theoretical physics, and several articles published earlier are also added to this. In physics, experiment plays a decisive role in the construction of theories. Therefore, in the format of the proposed concept, not only a number of basic questions of theoretical physics are considered, but also the results of existing theoretical proposals and experiments are included, confirming both the correctness of the chosen starting point of the concept and the conclusions made on its basis, which can be classified as a fundamental work.
"The fundamental nature of the theory is determined by the degree of penetration into the secrets of nature and is determined not by the cumbersomeness of its mathematical apparatus, but by the degree of connection with materialistic philosophy and proximity to the boundaries of the knowable." Kuligin V.A. [1]
At this point, it is important to emphasize that the existing paradigm of particles still has its place due to the fact that at the stages of cognition, scientific thinking creates a vector of dividing a single spatial structure into separate fragments, peculiar puzzles, which are much easier to learn and describe by the apparatus of algebra separately.
Nevertheless, the fullness of time comes when differentiation has already exhausted itself, the fragments are known and a feeling of a dead end and a state of crisis arises. It is then that the stage of integration and synthesis of already acquired knowledge into the overall picture begins, the picture which is most clearly visible at the current stage of cognition. This picture forms a new fundamental theory, which requires both a new platform of generalizations and new mathematics.
Experimental results applied to the theoretical field of the new concept proposed by me increase the weight of the arguments in favor of the conclusions made, and are also the evidence link that is extremely necessary for the theoretical view to acquire the status of reflecting the reality of natural phenomena. And in this regard, the experiment is the fact that supports and confirms the theory.
“In physics, it is the experiment that plays the decisive role in constructing a theory.” Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences G.I. Shipov [78]
For the theoretical presentation I used a geometric approach, which, as is known, helps to make quite significant simplifications and often leads to the goal faster than the path laid out by the apparatus of algebra. Also, the geometric approach contributes to visualization and the creation of figurative pictures, which theoretical physics experienced an acute shortage in the period of the creation of quantum mechanics, and is also experiencing also experiences the same deficit at the current stage of development.
The foundation of the geometric approach in the new proposed concept is the geometric analogue of the principle of complementarity. As a geometric analogue, the Mobius strip or Mobius ring is considered. The basis for this is the correspondence of this geometry and its properties to the ontological content of the principle of complementarity as a universal duality mediating the dynamics and forms of movement, as well as to the pictorial display in ancient symbolism.
The representation of a physical point in space in the form of a Mobius ring and its consideration as a magnetoelectric circuit provides the key to the analysis of the processes of Cosmogenesis, which can bring many theoretical views to a common denominator. In this regard, the universalism of the principle of complementarity as a natural duality, presented in the format of Mobius Geometry, can be laid down as the basis for creating the Unified Theory of Everything and, in all likelihood, is the most effective way to achieve this goal.
The author's monograph and articles also note hypothetical assumptions and elements of theoretical proposals in which scientists in the history of science, at the level of guesses or partial conclusions, touched upon the method of explaining a number of theoretical aspects using the geometry of the Mobius strip.
However, to date, no scientist has considered the properties of Möbius geometry in application to the fundamental and intractable questions of physics so broadly as to obtain their resulting or exhaustive explanation, as well as to link the scaling levels into a unified paradigm on this basis and to show the universality of the interrelations that mediate interactions and determine the forces in them, that is, to create a Unified Theory of Everything. A number of questions of theoretical physics in electrodynamics and quantum mechanics still have no explanation. The proposed geometric format demonstrates how these difficult questions can be resolved.
A more detailed presentation of the questions of physics in the theoretical view I propose in the format of Möbius Geometry is grouped into four articles:
"1. Quantum Medium. Möbius Geometry. Magnetic Monopole."
"2. Quantum Entanglement. Möbius Geometry. «Yin-Yang» Symbol. Phases of Fibration".
"3. The Basic Element of Nature. Mobius Geometry. Gravity. Model of the Atom".
"4. Hydromagnetic Dynamo. Mobius Geometry. The Method of Formation of the Atom".
To these four articles several articles published earlier are attached:
5. "Experiments of Thomson and Rutherford", ("Time out") [60]
6. "Clifford`s parallels", [37]
7. "Fibration of the Mobius Pattern. Formation of the Atom" [70]
This article is a continuation of two previous articles: "1. Quantum Environment. Mobius Geometry. Magnetic Monopole" and "2. Quantum Entanglement. Mobius Geometry. The "Yin-Yang" Symbol. Phases of fibration", which examine the issues of the structure of the etheric Quantum Medium, the structure of the quantum unit of the etheric medium – the Mobius Magnetic Monopole, its properties and phases of fibration, as well as structural interrelations actualized in the fibration phases, the formation of the Mobius Magnetic Dipole, the "Center-Periphery" scheme, and offer the following conclusions:
- The main driving mechanism mediating the method of universal torsion (UNI-VERCE) is INVERSION (mirror asymmetry), enclosed in the topology of the geometry of the Mobius strip. This inversion mediates the interrelation between complementary components and determines the universal law of the dynamics of their interaction.
- The supporting Cosmic Medium is a physical medium and represents the initial state of matter – the primordial matter – in the form of a dynamic cellular (matrix) structure of vortex magnetoelectric nodes, closed according to the complementary principle, which mediates the phenomenon of magnetism as such and oscillating self-motion – spinning.
- Magnetism is the physical embodiment of the comprehensive principle of complementarity, which determines its universality and generality of manifestation.
- The matrix structure gives the supporting etheric medium the property of granularity and, according to fractal similarity, it is characterized by effects occurring in granular materials.
- The magnetic field of such nodes is not externally manifested as bipolarity, since their polarity has a closure in one topology, and is in a monopolar (monopole) state – two in one, closed in antiphase. The nodes of etheric matter are magnetic monopoles. Such an initial physical state of matter is magnetoelectrically "invisible" or unmanifested. It represents a monopole hidden duality. A monopole does not mean unipolar, but has an internal closure of the polarities of magnetism. It represents a monopole hidden duality.
- The geometric visualization of such a magnetic monopole is a
Mobius strip with a minimum aspect ratio of a plane closed through an
inverse turn of 180 degrees. The Mobius Magnetic Monopole (MMM)
contains a natural antiphase duality, as well as the duality of
symmetry and mirror asymmetry, combining them into one whole.
In essence, this is the original form of a quantum phenomenon, which determines discreteness. The InfoGen of the original antiphase duality and the symmetry-asymmetry duality is transmitted to all subsequent generations in a universal copying method. Magnetism as a physical embodiment of this duality has the property of transmitting its InfoGen to all subsequent generations.
- In the state of closure through inversion and due to the internal magnetic reconnection, the etheric monopoles perform continuous and non-stop oscillations, which are an act of their internal spinning in the form of Mobius torsion, which is the simultaneous execution of two cyclorotations:
- rotation of inversion around a conditional internal center along the middle of the Mobius curvature line and
- cyclorotations of inversion around a conditional external center located inside the Mobius ring.
This double type of cyclo-turnover is transmitted InfoGenetically to all system formations generated by the etheric Quantum Medium, and is a universal type of torsion UNI-VERSE, as evidenced by the entire cosmos and the names of the Universe in English, as well as Russian. [35]
- The Mobius Magnetic Monopole (MMM) is a spinning quantum-mechanical unit that performs continuous and non-stop oscillations and produces sub-micro-monopole radiation, as well as the absorption of portions of magneto-plasma as a phase of quantum breathing.
The Mobius Magnetic Monopole is the original fundamental unit.
The geometric shape, metrics and dynamics of the MMM cycle rotation contain a relationship with numerical values close to three constants: φ = 1.618, π = 3.1415 and e = 2.718281828459.
- According to the description, such a vortex matrix of the supporting Cosmic Medium will create turbulence effects and, accordingly, a hydromagnetic dynamo will be spontaneuosly generated in it.
- Magnetoelectric oscillations of magnetic etheric monopoles are a reciprocal quantum process of "radiation-absorption", in other words, a process of oscillating quantum breathing of the etheric Medium, which is also transmitted InfoGenetically to all the creatures of the environment from small to large as a process of breathing of life and at each level of scaling and in each plane of being has its own way of expression. This breathing of life is performed by both sub-micro-units of the etheric Quantum Medium, and atoms, bioorganisms, stellar-planetary systems, galaxies and the Universe as a whole.
- The process of quantum breathing of the supporting Medium creates a sub-micro-vibrational background and is that high-vibrational carrier mediating all processes of interactions in the supporting Medium, the transfer of information and the implementation of the background principle.
- The spinning substrate of the etheric Quantum Medium is an etheric magneto-plasma – a kind of superfluid plasma liquid from sub-micro-monopole radiations-absorptions, that is, active living matter.
- At ultra-low temperatures of outer space, the etheric magneto-plasma is a special kind of condensed medium, a kind of mega-quantum object, in which a variety of collective effects are observed both of the entire object as a whole and of its individual areas interacting as a whole. Such a medium is characterized by the movement of arrays of “text phrases”, and not individual “letter units” of universal binary coding.
- The processes occurring in the superfluid etheric-plasma medium will obey the laws of hydrodynamics similar to the processes occurring in water and air environments.
- According to the laws of hydrodynamics:
- In a hydrodynamic environment, any arc discharge, whether occurring in technological power plants or in natural conditions, can curl up into an electron vortex.
- As a result of external influences, a vortex ring can decrease the toroidal velocity and increase the annular velocity, turning either into a vortex disk or a cylindrical vortex (thick or thin). The opposite transformation is also possible. A vortex ring in the form of a Hill vortex can form a vortex funnel in the form of a cone (jet).
- Individual electron streams can separate from the surface of the vortex, quickly disintegrating into sparks.
- A vortex ring can deform, passing through small holes, and restore its shape after deformation.
- Vortex objects can divide spontaneously or under sudden external influence. The surface of an electron vortex can spontaneously delaminate into parallel electron beams.
- Dynamic interaction is possible between vortex objects – they play leapfrog, dance in a circle, merge together, etc.
- Vortices can form Karman paths. [5]
- In accordance with the law of hydrodynamics on the spontaneous division of a vortex object or its division under a sharp external influence, it is proposed to further consider the phases of the process of bifurcation/fibration of a vortex monopole formation closed through an inverse turn, which geometrically represents the original Mobius strip as a special case of Clifford parallels.
- As shown schematically, the result of the first phase of the bifurcation/fibration process is the doubling of the original InfoGenome of the Mobius Magnetic Monopole (MMM) and its polarization, that is, transformation into the Mobius Magnetoelectric Dipole (MMD), which, when doubling the inversion and loop length, has the configurability of the lemniscate-“eight”.
As a result of such a transformation, the internal polarity acquires an external multi-manifestation in the form of bi-polarity or dipole. The dipole state of matter is its magnetoelectrically manifested state, which is called baryonic matter.
- All manifested matter in the universe has a magnetoelectric dipole structure. Based on this, the dipole template is the basic element of nature on the basis of which atoms are built and then everything else is fractally-holographically. This template is universal and is mediated by the ontology of the principle of complementarity.
- In the process of step-by-step fibration of Magnetic Monopoles, which can be called the process of generating matter from the inside out, the actualization of those structural interrelations that are necessary to maintain the growing system formation in one whole occurs. This is bipolar gravity and quantum entanglement, which are derivatives of the original complementary interrelation, physically manifested as magnetism.
- In the process of growth from the generative element, the "Center-Periphery" interrelation is actualized, which is equally extrapolated to different levels of scaling and to different planes of being.
All three described interrelations: gravitational, quantum entanglement and center-periphery, represent a functional Universal Triplet of Interrelations, equally inherent in all existential levels: the micro-world of an atom, a biological cell, an organism, stellar-planetary and galactic systems, as well as the Universe as a Whole.
In this work, in the format of Mobius Geometry (MG), the structure of the basic element of nature is examined in more detail and a model of the atom based on it is proposed, and in this format, atomic schemes are shown from the element of hydrogen and its isotopes to the element of fluorine.
"A physicist I know once told me: "For an adequate description of this or that natural phenomenon, we need a mechanical model for the gears to turn ..." " [2]
I am very impressed with the opinion of this physicist, since in the proposed format and illustration based on the geometry of the Mobius ring, I use not only its consideration as a magnetoelectric circuit, but also as a quantum-mechanical unit that must turn on real gears, and not only on written wave equations.
Based on this, the proposed conceptual ontology is based on a physical point in space and on only one assumption, which is an ontological statement that this physical point is structured according to a complementary principle, which is comprehensive and initial in the general development of CosmoGenesis. This logic is set out in the two previous articles and in this work its continuation leads to the proposal of a model of an atom based on the Mobius Magnetic Dipole.
As it was already described in the work “1. Quantum Environment. Mobius Geometry. Magnetic Monopole”, Mobius Magnetic Monopoles are quantum-mechanical units of the matrix of the etheric Quantum Medium with magnetoelectric properties, which mediate the vibrational background of the Medium, its quantum activity, its energy filling and are the seed elements for the generation of objects of the Medium: atoms, stellar-planetary and galactic systems.
The generation is carried out by the universal method of bifurcation with doubling of the InfoGenome, which is illustrated by the scheme of the fibration phases. The scheme of the fibration phases also demonstrates the fact that in the spatial fabric only geometric transformations of the original unit and growth of the structure from the inside out occur.
At one time, physicists-predecessors hypothetically pointed out a number of elements that are contained in the proposed descriptive format. However, none of them managed to turn hypotheses into complete pictures of the representation and this created great difficulties in the formation of quantum electrodynamics (QED), which turned out to be devoid of figurative pictures. I will give a few quotes on this matter.
"After a short period of ideological confusion and disagreements caused by the temporary limitation of "visuality", a general agreement was reached on the replacement of specific images with abstract mathematical symbols." V. Pauli. [2]
"The general concept of spin had as its source a specific description of the "ambiguity that defies classical description" of the electron, understood as a particle." [2]
"The first spin theory that gave a correct mathematical formulation of the "classically indescribable two-valuedness" was proposed by Pauli in his 1927 paper. Avoiding the construction of any visual kinematic models, Pauli introduced the doubled Hilbert space H2⨂H (the space of wave functions), whose vectors are two-component spinors. Thus, two-component spinors and the first doubling appeared for the first time in physics. The subsequent doubling (bispinors, the space H4⨂H) was proposed by Dirac in 1928. The next doubling leads to hypertwistors in the Hilbert space H8⨂H.
Hypertwistors are the vectors of the fundamental representation of the Rumer-Fet group SO(2,4)⨂SU(2)⨂SU(2)', which gives a group-theoretical interpretation of the periodic table of elements. Spinors, bispinors and twistors are special cases of hypertwistor." [2]
Analogies between the steps of the algebraic description of the doubling process in QED and the proposed geometry of the stepwise doubling process during bifurcation based on GM are also indicated in the previous work "2. Quantum Entanglement. Mobius Geometry. The «Yin-Yang» Symbol. Phases of fibration."
As can be seen from the citation above, when replacing specific images with abstract mathematical symbols, the fathers of quantum physics nevertheless followed the chain of doubling the information genome (InfoGenome) with the help of mathematical abstractions.
Was it possible to connect a figurative representation then? Oddly enough, but there was. P. Dirac demonstrated spin using a twice twisted trouser belt, which went down in the history of science as the "Dirac belt", which is the Möbius strip with two inversions in the configuration of the Magnetic Dipole.
The image of the Möbius strip was constantly spinning in the field of V. Pauli's thoughts, and the "Pauli square" is also well known, which illustrates the pairwise change of oscillation phases, and his famous phrase about "bifurcation and reduction of symmetry" still remains a secret: "Bifurcation and reduction of symmetry, – he says in one letter, – that's where Faust's poodle is buried!" [71, p. 288], [2]
Nevertheless, these hints and guesses were not formed so compositionally as to give a sufficiently clear geometric visualization of what later began to develop algebraically without a figurative representation for it. It must be said that if the algebraic logic from spinors to bispinors, and then to twistors and hypertwistors, giving a group-theoretical interpretation for the periodic table of atomic elements, is fundamentally correct and corresponds to the nature of things, then the fathers of quantum mechanics should have had at least some guess that Nature must have a sufficiently elegant cunning to perform this entire chain of the doubling process through bifurcation with the help of geometric transformations.
It must be assumed that there was most likely some guess and it struck the mind of W. Pauli so much that he wrote in his letter to W. Heisenberg in December 1957: “The picture is changing every day. Everything is moving. It is not yet possible to publish, but it will be something beautiful. It is not yet possible to even foresee what may be discovered here ... The material here gives a lot. You yourself will now find a lot ... You will notice that the poodle has broken loose from the chain. He showed where it was buried: bifurcation and reduction of symmetry." [72, pp. 344-345]
At the same time, W. Heisenberg notes: "Once I asked Wolfgang why he attached such great importance to the process of bifurcation, and received approximately the following answer: "... The process of bifurcation, or bifidation, as I imagine it, could explain a lot to us here, because it somehow very naturally expands the space of nature, thereby creating the possibility of new symmetries. In the ideal case, one could think that all real symmetries arose as a consequence of such bifurcations." [72, pp. 342-343]
We must pay tribute to such intuitive insight, which almost led W. Pauli to that "trick" of Nature, which it uses to expand space (generation and growth of matter from within) and create new symmetries arising as a result of such bifurcations with doubling. As is clearly visualized by paper experiments with Mobius geometry, each bifurcation creates a new type of combination of symmetry and asymmetry and, accordingly, a multiplication of components of system formation with the growth of the structure. Any dynamics is possible only with the simultaneous presence of symmetry and asymmetry in the structure. Asymmetry is essentially ensured by the presence of the golden ratio in the organization of Nature.
Such proportion gives the possibility of complications, which forms a fan structure of diversity, which is observed at all levels of nature constructions. And initially this proportion is embedded in the ratio of the geometry of the minimal magnetoelectric contour of the Magnetic Monopole as its parametric dual ratio in a combination of symmetry and asymmetry.
Considering it as a geometric analogue of the natural Magnetic Monopole, one can see with a certain clarity the presence of this combination in the Monopole as its parametric dual ratio.
"The development of the Universe looks like a continuous sequence of symmetry violations ... The phenomenon of life fits naturally into this picture."
Freeman J. Dyson
"The symmetry inherent in phenomena is the maximum symmetry compatible with the existence of the phenomenon. .... the absence of certain elements of symmetry is necessary. It is the asymmetry that creates the phenomenon." Pierre Curie (1894).
At the time of these insights of W. Pauli and his dialogues with both K. Jung and W. Heisenberg, the natural elegant cunning of how bifurcation with doubling is carried out was already known to science due to the discovery of the double helix of DNA (1953) and the method of its replication, which is a projection of the universal method of bifurcation into the plane of cell biology. It should be assumed that the information front of this discovery penetrated the thought field of the creators of QED in the form of chains of fragmentary insights.
But until now, speaking in a number of theories about the bifurcation of space, its two sheets or two branes, theoretical physicists have not expanded the visibility for mathematical transformations and have not proposed the solution for quantum mechanics that becomes obvious if we consider it in accordance with the holographic principle and by analogy with DNA and its principle of bifurcation with doubling.
This universal method of self-copying is projected holographically-similarly both into the plane of cell biology and into the plane of quantum phenomena. That is, it is actually necessary to carry out a general schematic fractal identical transfer of the universal scheme from one plane of being, where it is accessible for observation and well studied, to another, that is, from the plane of cell biology to quantum mechanics according to the holographic principle mediating the unity of all that exists.
Taking into account the above, as well as the representation of the original quantum-mechanical unit (monopole) in the form of a vortex formation in the configuration of the Mobius strip, the process of bifurcation with doubling and expansion of space with the formation of new symmetries can be visualized using a paper experiment for simplicity. I will repeat the phases of magnetic monopole fibration, which were described in the previous work “2. Quantum Entanglement. Yin-Yang Symbol. Mobius Geometry. Fibration Phases”.
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Kulak L.A., 3. Basic element of nature. Möbius geometry. Gravity. Model of atom // «Àêàäåìèÿ Òðèíèòàðèçìà», Ì.,
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